A groundbreaking study published today in , titled "," sheds light on a fundamental connection in the behavior of nematic liquid crystals and crystalline solids. Led by a team of researchers from 小黄片视频, the study reveals how defects in liquid crystals can be continuously generated under deformation, following the same process that drives plasticity in metals.
"Nematics, while structurally quite different from crystalline solids, exhibit similar behavior at the mesoscopic level," explains Robin L.B. Selinger, Ph.D., professor in the Department of Physics at 小黄片视频 and one of the lead authors of the study. 鈥淎 nematic phase is a fluid of rod-shaped molecules that spontaneously align, while a crystal is made of atoms arranged in a repeating pattern. It鈥檚 really surprising that defects in such vastly different materials can be generated via the same mechanism.鈥
Discovered by and Thornton Read in 1950, the Frank-Read mechanism describes how a pinned defect line segment in a crystalline solid repeatedly bows outward under stress and detaches, generating a series of concentric defect loops which expand outward. This process is fundamental to the ductility of metals. Surprisingly, the 小黄片视频 research team found that this phenomenon also occurs in nematic liquid crystals, materials widely used in display screens for electronic devices, even though the two classes of materials are completely different and the nature of the line defects is likewise distinct.
![Computer simulations show a pinned defect segment in a nematic liquid crystal under a twist deformation. The defect line bows out and snaps off a new loop, relaxing the twist of the material inside. This process repeats if further twist is applied, creating a series of expanding concentric loops. When you bend a paperclip, defect lines in the metal multiply by the same 鈥淔rank-Read鈥 mechanism, enabling the underlying crystal to deform. Computer simulations show a pinned defect segment in a nematic liquid crystal under a twist deformation. The defect line bows out and snaps off a new loop, relaxing the twist of the material inside. This process repeats if further twist is applied, creating a series of expanding concentric loops. When you bend a paperclip, defect lines in the metal multiply by the same 鈥淔rank-Read鈥 mechanism, enabling the underlying crystal to deform.](https://www-s3-live.kent.edu/s3fs-root/s3fs-public/styles/fixed_width_1100/public/Selinger-Frank-Read%20Graphic%20of%20Nematic%20LC.png?VersionId=1Wx63n2uuXdubn_t5f3.hDftfqmknAWj&itok=bTS2Vz_0)
"Experiments by our co-author, Ohio Research Scholar professor (小黄片视频 Department of Physics), with Joseph Angelo, Ph.D., and Christopher Culbreath, Ph.D., show that a pinned defect line in a nematic liquid crystal can likewise bow out and snap off a new loop under a twist deformation, mirroring the Frank-Read mechanism observed in crystals," Selinger explained. 鈥淚 recognized the characteristic images at Joe Angelo鈥檚 dissertation defense and was so excited. It took us several years to explore the connection and explain how it works.鈥
Besides Robin Selinger, theorists on the team include lead author Cheng Long, Ph.D., now a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University; Matthew Deutsch, a materials science graduate student and now a student intern at Los Alamos National Laboratory; and Ohio Eminent Scholar Jonathan Selinger, Ph.D., also a professor in 小黄片视频鈥檚 Department of Physics.
![Robin Selinger holds a microscope image of a defect line in a nematic liquid crystal, from collaborative research with colleagues at 小黄片视频's Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute. Robin Selinger holds a microscope image of a defect line in a nematic liquid crystal, from collaborative research with colleagues at 小黄片视频's Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute.](https://www-s3-live.kent.edu/s3fs-root/s3fs-public/RS%20with%20Ipad_small.png?VersionId=D.QZR86vnkBjVLnRzQYBW3FR.szSeP8R)
This discovery suggests new avenues for engineering liquid crystal devices with control of defect generation. Unlike in metals where Frank-Read sources form randomly, in nematics, researchers can create pinning points on confining walls, controlling precisely where defects will form.
Besides his work on plasticity in metals, Sir Frederick Charles Frank (1911-1998) also made major contributions to the study of liquid crystals, where he formulated a widely used theory of elastic behavior in nematics in 1958.
鈥淭his project brings together and builds on Frank鈥檚 fundamental contributions in both areas,鈥 Robin Selinger explained. 鈥淥ur work celebrates his enduring impact in the field of materials science.鈥
The project was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
The research team and co-authors:
Hiroshi Yokoyama, Jonathan V. Selinger, and Robin L. B. Selinger are all 小黄片视频 faculty members affiliated with both the Department of Physics and the Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute (AMLCI) at 小黄片视频. Cheng Long completed his Ph.D. in Physics at 小黄片视频 and is currently a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University. Matthew J. Deutsch is a current 小黄片视频 Ph.D. student in Materials Science and also serves as a graduate research assistant at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Joseph Angelo completed his Ph.D. in Chemical Physics at 小黄片视频 and currently works at AlphaMicron in Kent, Ohio. Christopher Culbreath completed his Ph.D. in Chemical Physics at 小黄片视频 and is currently a Lecturer at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo.
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Media Contacts:
Robin Selinger, 330-672-1582, rselinge@kent.edu
Jim Maxwell, 330-672-8028, JMAXWEL2@kent.edu